When choosing audio equipment, speaker sensitivity is a key parameter that not only affects the volume, but also directly relates to the choice of amplifier and overall sound quality performance. In this article, we will discuss the definition of speaker sensitivity, factors affecting the matching relationship with the amplifier, and how to choose the right sensitivity according to their needs.
The Concept of Speaker Sensitivity
Speaker sensitivity (Sensitivity) is a measure of the speaker in a particular power input under the volume size of the important indicators, specifically expressed in the standard input power under the speaker can output sound pressure level (SPL). For example, a speaker with a sensitivity of 90dB, driven by 1 watt of power, has a SPL of 90dB at 1m.
Sensitivity and volume are closely related, the higher the sensitivity of the speaker, in the same input power, the louder the sound. For example, the difference between a stereo with a sensitivity of 87dB and 93dB is 6dB, which means that the sound pressure level of a 93dB stereo outputting at 1 watt of power is 6dB higher than that of a 87dB stereo. According to the characteristics of the sound pressure level, for every 3dB increase; the sound pressure level requires twice the power to maintain the same volume level. Therefore, a 6dB difference is equivalent to a 4-fold increase in power. In other words, if you want to raise an 87dB stereo to a 93dB volume level, you need to increase the input power from 1 watt to 4 watts.
High sensitivity sound can be relatively small power to produce a larger volume, while low sensitivity sound requires a larger power to maintain the same level of volume; this law has an important role in the audio purchase and design, especially in the case of limited power, high sensitivity sound can be more effective use of electrical energy to provide greater sound pressure. Therefore, in the purchase of speakers, sensitivity is an important parameter to focus on, especially in the need for high volume output but power constraints in the scene.
What Affects the Sensitivity of a Speaker?
- The material and structure of the voice coil affects the efficiency of converting electrical energy into mechanical vibration.For example, lightweight copper-clad aluminium wire (CCAW) performs better in the high-frequency band and improves sensitivity compared to ordinary copper wire.
- The larger the magnet, the greater the magnetic flux and the greater the driving force of the speaker, thus increasing sensitivity.For example, neodymium magnets (Neodymium) are lighter and more magnetic, which improves sensitivity; ferrite magnets (Ferrite) are cheaper, but have relatively lower sensitivity.
- The weight and rigidity of the diaphragm determines the sensitivity. Light and rigid materials (e.g. Titanium, Polymer) can increase the sensitivity, while heavier paper cones may reduce the sensitivity, but bring better tonal performance.
- Soprano horn (HornloadedDesign) can improve the sensitivity and make the treble louder, commonly used in PA sound and stage equipment.
Speaker Sensitivity: Advantages & Disadvantages
Low Sensitivity Speakers
Advantages, low sensitivity speakers will generally be smoother frequency response curve, able to present a more balanced sound in different frequency ranges. In addition, they are also very rich in detail performance, and can better restore the subtle changes in the music, so they are very suitable for high-fidelity audio systems to meet the higher requirements of the sound quality of the user. On the other hand, the deficiencies of low sensitivity loudspeakers are quite apparent, mainly since they require a higher power input for reproducing the same sound pressure level as high sensitivity ones, thus putting greater demands on the output capability of the amplifier and, eventually, raising the overall system cost as well.
High Sensitivity Speakers
One great advantage of speakers of high sensitivity is that they distill high volume from low input power, making them ideal for personal home usage or during stage performances where high volume is constantly required. At the same time, high sensitivity speakers have relatively low amplifier requirements, allowing for more efficient use of power. However, there are some drawbacks to high sensitivity speakers, such as the possibility of distortion at high volumes, especially in the treble section, which may affect the listening ah. In addition, their frequency response range may not be completely even, resulting in less detailed performance of certain frequencies than lower sensitivity speakers.
When choosing speaker sensitivity is an important indicator when choosing an audio system, it directly affects the volume, amplifier matching and sound quality. Therefore, when choosing, you need to combine, the use of the environment, amplifier power and other parameters between the comprehensive consideration to ensure the best listening experience.